HAL's defence role shifts as private sector rises in India

India's 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' initiative boosts private defence firms like Tata and L&T, challenging state-owned Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). Once the primary manufacturer, HAL increasingly performs assembly tasks as private companies secure major contracts. This shift spurs private innovation but raises concerns over HAL's future role, costs, and India's indigenous defence capabilities.