Scientist creates 'mini‑universe' to measure time without a clock

Scientist Giovanni Barontini at University of Birmingham developed a "mini-universe" model to explore how time could be measured without relying on a clock. Using 24,000 ultracold atoms, he created an isolated quantum system that mimics a simple universe. The study showed that "entropic time" could be created from entropy of atoms and how they behaved in a system.