Kerala has the highest monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE) on gold ornaments among all Indian states, according to an NSSO survey. The state's gold MPCE in the rural sector is ₹208.55, more than six times the second rank holder Goa's ₹34.07. Kerala also tops the urban sector with ₹189.95, four times more than second rank holder Tamil Nadu's ₹44.86.