Africa has seen 10 coups in five years: two in Mali led by Colonel Assimi Goita; Guinea's 2021 takeover by Lt-Col Mamady Doumbouya; Sudan's 2021 coup by Gen Abdel Fattah al-Burhan; two in Burkina Faso led by Damiba and Traore; Niger's 2023 ouster by Gen Tiani; Gabon's 2023 takeover by Gen Nguema; and 2025 military seizures in Madagascar and Guinea-Bissau.