An ICMR study analysing over four lakh patient samples found pathogens in 11.1%, meaning one in nine Indians carried infectious diseases. The research identified five key pathogens, Influenza A, dengue, Hepatitis A, norovirus, and Herpes simplex virus, linked to respiratory, fever, jaundice, diarrhoeal, and encephalitis cases. The infection has increased from 10.7% in Q1 to 11.5% in Q2 of 2025.