The Calcutta Stock Exchange (CSE), one of the oldest exchanges in Asia, stopped trading in 2013 after it couldn't meet SEBI's regulatory requirements. The 118-year-old exchange's decline began in 2001 when ₹40,000-crore Ketan Parekh scam exposed weaknesses in its trading and surveillance systems. By 2012, CSE's daily trading turnover fell by over 90% as investors shifted towards NSE and BSE.