Bill to reserve 33% seats for women in Lok Sabha and state Assemblies was introduced in 1996 as 81st Constitutional Amendment by HD Deve Gowda-led United Front government. It lapsed when government fell in 1997. Bill was reintroduced in 1998, 1999, 2002, and 2003 by Vajpayee government but failed. It was passed in Rajya Sabha in 2010 under Manmohan Singh.