NASA has shared several stunning images of galaxy clusters containing supermassive black holes that erupt periodically. The images captured by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory show colourful jets of hot gas emitted by the black hole explosions. NASA said that mass of this hot gas is about five times higher than the total mass of all the galaxies in the cluster.

Air travellers are exposed to unexpectedly high levels of ultrafine particles and black carbon, a study has found. Measurements from 16 European flights showed pollution spikes during boarding, taxiing, and descent. Levels ease at cruising altitude but rise again on landing. The particles also spread kilometres beyond airports, affecting nearby neighbourhoods much like busy urban roads.

Koalas may look gentle today, but they have evolved from deadly ancestors, study stated. Modern koalas evolved from a lineage that included lethal predators such as the marsupial lion, Thylacoleo carnifex, which lived 2-3 million years ago and once dominated Australia's forests and giant wombats. Protein analysis also links their lineage to giant herbivores like Zygomaturus and Palorchestes.

Astronomers have discovered an ultra-hot super-Earth named TOI-561 b that completes a full orbit around its star in just about 10 hours. Researchers used NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope and found that the rocky exoplanet lies extremely close to its star. It causes surface temperatures high enough to melt rock. According to scientists, it may host a global magma ocean.

Scientists in Thailand have discovered what may be the world’s rarest blood group the B(A) hybrid type, found in only three people. This ultra-rare variant shows a B-antigen profile with trace A-antigen expression, caused by mutations in the ABO gene. It joins other rare groups such as Rh-null, CRIB, and Gwada-negative, each posing challenges for transfusion safety and donor availability.

Researchers at University of East Anglia (UEA) suggest that polar bears in south-eastern Greenland may be slowly adapting to warmer climates. Scientists found significant DNA changes, particularly in genes linked to heat stress and metabolism, indicating possible survival responses to rising temperatures. However, researchers warn the species remains at risk as Arctic sea ice continues to vanish.

ISRO will launch the 6.5-tonne BlueBird-6 communication satellite aboard the LVM3 'Bahubali' rocket on December 15, TOI reports. Built by AST SpaceMobile, it will be the heaviest American satellite ever lifted by India. After deployment, it will expand into a 2,400 sq ft phased-array antenna, the largest commercial structure in low-Earth orbit.

Scientists have discovered HD 143811 b, a huge gas planet that orbits two suns, creating a sky lit by twin stars. The world lies 446 light-years away and is six times Jupiter's mass. Despite its distant orbit, it remains extremely hot, offering astronomers new insight into how planets form in binary star systems.

Earth has a magnetic tail that is almost two million kilometres long formed when the solar wind extends Earth's magnetic field far into space. The magnetic field lines are drawn into an elongated, narrow structure that is filled with flowing plasma as charged particles from the Sun pass by Earth. The tail material moves but stays connected overall, researchers said.

IIT Bombay researchers mapped Martian valleys in the Thaumasia Highlands, finding evidence of a climate shift. Low-latitude V-shaped valleys show flowing water erosion in the early Noachian era. Later, U-shaped valleys and features indicated increasing glacial activity as Mars cooled, suggesting the water froze into a subsurface layer.